This project will advance methods to obtain wind observations from HF radars, resulting in accurate, reliable wind measurements, coincident with ocean currents, at high spatial and temporal resolution and over large areas. Success in the proposed research will give existing HFR systems operating around the world a new capacity, in effect creating a new tool for wind observation. The proposed methods would be applicable to any of the common oceanographic HFR types including those with larger receive arrays, as well as those operated by the U.S. Navy. The methods will require minimal or no in situ observations for calibration, creating the potential for realtime mapping of winds. If utilized by operational HFR observing systems, these observations could be assimilated into models to improve weather forecasts. The coastal zone has been historically difficult to observe with satellite or in situ platforms, and there is a well described need for coincident observations of winds and currents at high spatial and temporal resolution in this area. HFR-based wind observations, produced with coincident current measurements on a similar grid, would represent a dramatic increase in the availability of wind observations in the coastal zone. This capability will find a broad range of research, industry, and operational applications, while directly supporting the U.S. Navy’s core mission by enhancing situational awareness, operational safety, and strategic decision-making.